A Room with a Japanese View :: Haircuts Culture Personal Narrative Papers

A Room with a Japanese ViewIts the wee hours of Saturday morning time in a quiet all female low-rise dorm room at NDSU. Residents are either sleeping soundly or discover having a good time some place off campus. But in one dorm room a social gathering is in full swing. Im non talking about a swing dance either. As I walk down my motel-looking dorm hallway, I hear a males voice with a sharp and harsh intonation. I get out in front of the door for a second, my curiosity piqued. There is silence for a irregular and so I hear the voice again and I realize its not English, but Japanese. I proceed down the hall, shuffling in my slippers, not wanting to be an eavesdropper. On my return I hear a loud electric razor coming from the same room. Again I pause in front of the wooden door, brightly decorated with two nametags, Yoko and Michelle, made by the creative RAs of our dorm (All names are pseudonyms). Whats going on in there, I wonder. I regard Yoko weekly at the Internat ional Student Association meeting, but only know that shes from Japan and is here to fix English. I knock at the door, still hearing the razor and voices in the tooshieground. The door pops open and Im greeted by a petite Japanese girl with discolor brown hair. Its Yoko. She invites me in and I see the pile of different sized shoes near the door. My Hong Kong etiquette that I learned when I lived overseas with my family comes back to me and I promptly take off my shoes. To my left I see Kiyo, a tall Japanese guy with spiky hair, standing behind Watashi, who is softly sitting down with a black garbage bag covering his upper body. There are garbage bags covering the floor around them and curt pieces of black hair decorate the dark plastic. The haircutter and haircutee dont say much to me. Watashi just says hi when I come in the door and then looks down to prevent getting freshly clipped hair in his brown eyes. Yoko walks towards them and checks out the progress. Cutt ing hair in the dorms is something one doesnt see often. I dont think most guys cut their hair in the dorms like this.

Gender in Shakespeares As You Like It :: Shakespeare As You Like It Essays

Gender in As You corresponding It   One of the most intriguing aspects of the treat custodyt of love in As You Like It concerns the issue of gender. And this issue, for obvious reasons, has generated a special interest in recent times. The principal reason for such a thematic concern in the profligacy is the cross dressing and role playing. The central love interest between Rosalind and Orlando calls into question the conventional wisdom about mens and womens gender roles and challenges our preconceptions about these roles in courtship, erotic love, and beyond. At the heart of this courtship is a very complex ambiguity which it is difficult fully to appreciate without a production to refer to. merely here we have a man (the actor) playing a woman (Rosalind), who has dressed herself up as a man (Ganymede), and who is pretending to be a woman (Rosalind) in the courtship game with Orlando. Even if, in modern times, Rosalind is not played by a young male actor, the th eatrical derision is complex enough.   The most obvious issue raised by the cross dressing is the relationship between gender roles and clothes (or outer appearance). For Rosalind passes herself off slow enough as a man and, in the process, acquires a certain freedom to move around, give advice, and associate as an equal among other men (this freedom gives her the power to initiate the courtship). Her disguise is, in that sense, much more significant than Celias, for Celia remains female in her role as Aliena and is thus generally passive (her pseudonym meaning Stranger or outsider is an interesting one). The fact that Celia is largely passive in the Forest of Ardenne (especially in contrast to Rosalind) and has to confront for life to deliver a man to her rather than seeking one out, as Rosalind does, is an interesting and important difference between the two friends.   These points raise or so interesting issues. If becoming accepted as a man and getting th e freedom to act that comes with that acceptance is simply a matter of presenting oneself as a man, then what do we say about all the enshrined natural differences we claim as the basis for our different treatment of men and women?

Essay on The Awakening -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Critical Views of The Awakening The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and understanding about clement nature. In Chopins clip, writing a story with such great attention to sensual details in both men and women caused skepticism among readers and critics. However, umpteen critics feed different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics. Symbolism in The Awakening is interpreted in many ways. It is important to understand the meaning of each explanation of symbolism given by e truly critic to fully appreciate the novel. Art, for example, becomes a symbol of both freedom and failure(Wyatt). It is through the process of trying to become an artist that Edna reaches the highest point of her awakening(Wyatt). Clothes are also significant in discovering symbolism. When Edna is first introduced she is fully dressed. Gradually, she disrobes until at last she goes into the water to die, completely naked. Her undressing symbolizes the shedding of societal rules in her life, her growing awakening, and it stresses her physical and external self(Wyatt). Two modern critics, Neal Wyatt and Harold Bloom, agree that Edna is symbolized for her quest for self-discovery or self-hood. Edna feels caged, which makes her quest very difficult. The use of birds in the story helps the reader understand Ednas feeling of entrapment and the in readiness to communicate(Wyatt). Much like the shedding of clothes, birds symbolize freedom and escape from being caged. The ability to spread your wings and fly is a symbolic theme that occurs often in the novel(Wyatt). Many readers do not like the ending... ...r that many people of her time found unladylike or even perverted. However, as time has passed and readers as well as critics find it easier to talk about sensual emotions, Chopin is now cognize as one of the most respected and brilliant writer s that ever lived. Women had the feelings she wrote about and life was as discriminating as she described it, but only Kate Chopin had the bravery to tell about it. Critics have given deep thought to The Awakening and with each analysis one reads, comes a new and unique awakening. Works Cited Gilbert, Sandra J. The tonic of the Awakening. Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views The Awakening, Kate Chopin Rosowski, Sandra M. The Second Coming of Aphrodite. Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views Kate Chopin Chelsea House New York, 1987. Wyatt, Neal. Suicide. http.//www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng384

Coca Colas Human Resources Essay -- GCSE Business Personnel Coursewor

I need to produce an analytical report on how a medium-sized or large line of business manages human resourcefulnesss. I should show the importance of thehuman resources vigilance to the business, providing a comprehensiveoverview of all four of the following functions and focussing in depthon one of the functions* Human resources planning* Recruitment and selection* Training and development* Performance heedI am going to relate my human resource coursework to UK coca plant ColaLondon-Edmonton branch and explain in depth how human resource ismanaged there.A Little History about coca plant Cola coca Cola was invented on 8th May 1886 by Dr John S Pemberton inAtlanta, Georgia USA. The name Coca Cola was suggested by DrPembertons bookkeeper, frankfurter Robinson. He penned the name Coca Colain the flowing script that is famous today. Coca Cola was first soldat the soda outpouring in Jacobs Pharmacy in Atlanta. During the firstyear, sales of Coca Cola averaged nine drinks a day, add ing up tototal sales for that year of 50. Today, products of the Coca ColaCompany are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks perday in around 200 countries. Human resource management is workers within a team that contributestowards the businesss objectives. Human Resources Managementdepartment incorporates the Personnel department functions anddevelops them. The role of HRM is to enable workers to contribute totheir maximum efficiency towards the objectives of the business. HumanResource management is needed for every business small or large and itis so resourceful to have a human resource department in the businesswhich will make the employees to achieve company objectives on timewell organised.Human Resource is principal(prenominal)ly about how employees get managed in thebusiness, main parts of human resource are recruitment and selection,performance management and finally training and development.The business should not do mistakes in recruiting and selecting a i mpose on _or_ oppress radical employee because that can result with reputation of companygoing down, companys money and time are being wasted plus inventoryinglosses or sale level going down. For these reasons the human resourcedepartment should choose the right person who can offer the rightskills to serve well the team of workers to meet the company objectives.When setting up the busine... ...d self-fulfilment.Payment is usually linked with motivation where it is related withperformance. An extreme case is piece-work where there is no prefatory generateand payment is totally based on output. Home-workers in the rag tradeor casual agricultural workers such as fruit-pickers are very much paid inthis way and also in several poor countries managers sometime delaywages time because of less outcome. More usually, basic pay issupplemented by performance-related pay in the form of a bonus orcommission for excellent results.In general it has become accepted that, although a manpowe r that isnot motivated will work, the quality and efficiency of work improveswith motivation. It is therefore the role of human resourcesmanagement to understand what motivates employees.Over the years numbers of management theories have been put forward inan attempt to explain the nature of motivation and suggest ways inwhich it may be improved.In Coca Cola factory which is in Edmonton-London pay is the mainmotivator and second motivator is increasing experienced workerresponsibility so the worker learns new skills and the job becomesmore interesting for him or her.

Critical Analysis of The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin The Awakening

Critical Analysis of The Awakening The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, is the story of a woman who is seeking freedom. Edna Pontellier feels confined in her role as mother and wife and finds freedom in her romantic interest, Robert Lebrun. Although she views Robert as her liberator, he is the ultimate wee-wee of her demise. Edna sees Robert as an image of freedom, which brings her to rebel against her role in society. This pursuit of freedom, however, causes her death. Chopin uses many images to clarify the relationship between Robert and Edna and to show that Robert is the cause of both her freedom and her destruction. Birds be a sizable image in The Awakening. Edna feels like a caged bird, and wishes to be freed. When Madame Ratignolle plays the piano, Edna often creates pictures in her head that represent the music. Ednas picture of a musical peice c altogethered retirement is the figure of a man standing beside a desolate rock on the seashore (71). His attitude w as one of hopeless resignation as he looked toward a distant bird winging its flight away from him (71). Edna feels like this man, as though she is trapped and cannot spread her wings and fly. This is a danger, however. Caged birds, although they are not free, are safe. They do not know of the dangers that can come with freedom. Once Edna tastes freedom, she does not want to go back to the safety of a caged life. She does not know of all the possible dangers, and being naive, she is very s...

Critical Analysis of The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin The Awakening

Critical Analysis of The Awakening The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, is the story of a woman who is seeking freedom. Edna Pontellier feels confined in her role as mother and wife and finds freedom in her romantic interest, Robert Lebrun. Although she views Robert as her liberator, he is the ultimate cause of her demise. Edna sees Robert as an image of freedom, which brings her to rebel against her role in society. This pursual of freedom, however, causes her death. Chopin uses many images to clarify the relationship between Robert and Edna and to show that Robert is the cause of both her freedom and her destruction. Birds are a sizable image in The Awakening. Edna feels wish a caged bird, and wishes to be freed. When Madame Ratignolle plays the piano, Edna often creates pictures in her head that represent the music. Ednas picture of a musical peice called Solitude is the figure of a man standing beside a nude rock on the seashore (71). His attitude was one of hopele ss resignation as he looked toward a distant bird winging its flight away from him (71). Edna feels like this man, as though she is trapped and cannot spread her wings and fly. This is a danger, however. Caged birds, although they are not free, are safe. They do not know of the dangers that can come with freedom. formerly Edna tastes freedom, she does not want to go back to the safety of a caged life. She does not know of all the possible dangers, and being naive, she is very s...

Students from Rural Areas Often Find It Difficult to Access University Education

The higher education in remote area has been bound by the geographic condition. An argument that has been raised is that the university education should be accessable for students who live in remote areas. This argument is justified in my view, as outlined in the following paragraphs. The first point in support this is that having an have-to doe with opportunity on education is the basic human right for a resident. That is to say, nobody should be deprived the right to study at university due to the geographic disadvantage.Examples of this include the Australia which there is an clear law principle states that every resident ought to have the equal right to gain education. Which means the government has the obligation to solve the problem for untaught area residents. The second matter to raise is that the local economy in remote area could be get upd if the residents could accept university education in a easier way . higher education usually allow the resident to have break-dan ce skills and more employment opportunities. Through this, the local economy can be improved .In remote areas of Australia, there are farms which need qualified workers, factory farm professionals and managers to assist with running the farms. Thus, those professionals who has higher education could offer more valuable services and promote the overall economy. In summary ,I believe that making it easier for rural resident to access university education is not only an equal right for education, it is also the way of residents in remote area to attain the knowledge and promote local economy. Thus the improvement should be made to the condition of rural college education.

Every Eel Hopes to Be a Whale Essay

The preceding(prenominal) lines Every eel hopes to be a whale expresses that a each person in this world have some desires, some are in his hands some are not. The one which are not in his hands are his wishes. These wishes are reachable with strong efforts and some kind of ambition to achieve them. Ambitions are strong desires which are helpful in achieving the wishes. The above line states that everyone in this world wants to live a wonderful life but when he got that he wants more enough than that. His wishes never comes to an end and he wants to be a whale means that he wants to be big enough that no one could reach him.Here, big means not a healthy body but desirable and a luxurious life and here eel means a person who is a poor personality who cannot so far fulfil his basic needs. In fact, eel is a smallest fish in a ocean whereas whale is the largest fish in the world. In these lines, eel is being expressed as a person who cannot fulfil his basic needs and whale is being e xpressed as a person who leads a happy and a luxurious life. One should be like that but to choose a reasonable way not a devilish way if he chooses those ways he might be escaped in this world but in the next world he will be punished harshly by ALLAH Almighty.

500 Word Illustration Essay

A sense of humor can make a hard time easier to bear. It does non matter what type, from sarcasm to the every daylight knock-knock joke, humor has unendingly been a way that I have expressed emotion. Bad days are always going to be around, there is no way to variegate that, simply Humor is always a way to make the saddest of people crack a smile. Laughter is a powerful path into peoples mind, and can liberate pain by impedeting and living in the moment. Pain can be caused by basically any function, death, bad grades, work, or family, but at the end of the day I am always smiling.Laughter is the best medicine has been able to cure people with mental and physical injuries. For me when I am hurt, I do not cry but laugh , maybe from shock of a physical injury, but I always feel better when laughing. When attending an event where something tragic has occurred or at a funeral, I hear laugh. I believe laughing is a way to remember and express feelings. The most unbearable thing I hav e ever done was say good bye to my team mate, Andy. Having died at the age of thirteen, it was a horrible experience to go through. My refutation was humor, and being my sarcastic self relieved the pain and was the only option for me.I remember sitting at the wake feeling extremely uncomfortable, but fair(a) laughing with a friend on mine because if we werent laughing the pain and shock would tear at us. Math class was unbearable for me. severe to find the the length of the arc of a circle, at ten in the morning was never fun. Usually my daily nap occurred during that forty minute period, but the constant jokes and comments kept me awake. I began to actually like the class, only because the inside jokes the class had without my teachers knowledged. Obviously Pain is unavoidable, and even though I am young, I have lived through my fair share of pain.I have seen death, and sorrow, but I always moved on with life. Pain never leaves but can be covered by happiness, which laughter cre ates, and which is very contagious. Living or even being around happy people always makes me smile. A joke is told and laughter explodes. Laughter makes me feel better, because it can make me feel alive, living in that moment and helping me forget the troubles. Laughter can truly cure anything. It helps me forget the pain and live my life. Making a bad situation into a bearable time is always good, Laughter is the key to move on, to smile and to be happy. If there was no humor, how would people react?

Informative Speech Outline Essay

* IntroductionAttention getter* Are you proud to be a Malaysian? Well, Im proud to be a Malaysian but what happened recently make me thinking? Our country, Malaysia has become a very popular and favourite spot for cast out, not the usual garbage cast away but it is the coddle dumping. Baby dumping means the act of throwing away the babies at any place without taken c be the babies. Based on Bukit Aman Police central office statistics, it was found a total of 580 babies were found dumped between years 2000-2006.This number of cases increase every year where as much as 65 fry dumping cases has increased to 83 cases in the year 2006. In the first five months, al nearly every day there are reports on dumped bollocks cases. Year 2010 also know as Year of Baby Dumping cases and this has brought a lots of question and issues. Surely, all of us have heard some fruit season and others, but do you ever heard of baby dumping season? New Year celebration and Valentines Day are known as mating season nowadays which leads to unwanted pregnancies among youth and obviously, leads to baby dumping cases which can be easily read in the loudness media.Reason to listen* The news nowadays are so horrifying such as Body of Baby make in Dustbin, Dogs Found Baby in Trash Bag and many others. The case of baby dumping has been more serious from time to time in Malaysia.Thesis bidding* Baby dumping especially among youth is a serious social crisis and has a chronic increase in Malaysia.Credibility statement* The baby dumping case has touched my heart upon seeing the pictures of the baby being dumped in a very unethical and inhuman way. * I have read and study more or less baby dumping in Malaysia, and have enduree research on the Internet.Preview of main point* First I will argue about the cause of baby dumping* Second, I will discuss about the effect of baby dumping * And lastly, I will discuss about the possible prevention of baby dumping cases I. There are several caus es that whitethorn lead to baby dumping cases that have been identified from various studies organic celebration of certain events* The occasions were celebrated in a very extreme manner and indirectly encourage to free wake which resulted in baby dumping cases. * Those extreme celebration is originated from the west which did not sit well with our culture in Malaysia.Sexual abuse* They are usually dumping their babies ascribable to the feeling of being betrayed by the babys father and also the feeling of being used. * If the woman is being sexually abuse, they are tending to given over before or after the childs birth.Loosening of social problem* Due to high phase of modernisation and development, social control administration has become loosening up. * Neighbourliness, which should become an agent of social control system to curtail the social ills has become waning. * Schools are also not being affectionate to the students as they are engrossed to the academic and examinatio n result. * Parents did not well-supervise their child as they tend to believe that their children are good and due to time constraints as many parents are working. * Lack of sex education and pornography also leads to the baby dumping cases. Transition Now that Ive discussed the causes of baby dumping, I will now discuss the effect of baby dumping case. Baby dumping will directly affect three parties that are the mothers, baby and the society itself deed to the mother* The mothers may have the risk of death due to the bleeding during the childs birth. * They will be expelled from schools or educational institutions * Will be charged for attempting murder if the baby were still alive and charge for murder penalty if the baby is dead. * Feeling pressure from family, friends and the surrounding and most importantly is the feeling of guilty.Effect to the baby* The baby unable to grow up in a proper way, feel unloved and alone. * They also may have the possibilities of having birth defe ct and low body immunity. Effect to the society* It will bring bad image to the societyTransition now that we had known the cause of baby dumping, lets move on to the next main point that is the prevention of baby dumping cases. Responsibilities of preventing baby dumping cases lies on the shoulder of everyoneIndividual* By being close to the religion, it can prevent the youth from get stuck on social ills such as free sex that leads to baby dumping.* Take a maximum care and control yourself.Parents, society and schools* Parents and the schools need to play important roles to teach their child to become good in behaviour. * They need to educate their child, not frightening them so that if they are having problems and difficulties, they are not hiding it from the parents. * Teaching them to stay out from sexual relationships* ConclusionA. brush up of main points* Today I have discussed abouti. The cause of baby dumpingii. The effect of baby dumpingiii. The possible solution for baby dumping casesB. Restate thesis* Baby dumping especially among youth is a serious social crisis and has a chronic increase in Malaysia.Closure* As the conclusion, baby dumping cases will not end without any solution or intervention from all as we do not want any more babies to die. * It is true that baby dumping case is the prevention of baby dumping lies in the shoulder of the parents, school and society to tackle it, however, it stills boil use up to individual responsibility. The youths need to take full control and take a maximum care towards their self. * Everyone has the chance to channelize their self. As quoted by Zig ZiglarIf you dont like who you are and where you are, dont worry about it because youre not stuck either with who you are or where you are. You can grow. You can change .You can be more than you are.

Err Task B Your Work Role Essay

Task B- Your wreak roleDescribe the information which needs to be shown on your pay slips/statement. Personal information eg. Name and date of birthTotal pay your full pay before any tax or National Insurance has been resignn off Any deductions which change from payday to payday eg. tax and National Insurance, and what the deductions are for. The total amount of pay that you go forth come push through with after deductions National Insurance numberTax codeThe tax periodPay rateA breakdown of additional payments like overtime, tips or bonuses Identify 2 changes to individualized information which must be reported to your employer Change of addressChange of bank detailsDescribe the procedure to act on if you want to raise a grievance at work You should first discuss the grievance with your person in charge or manager. This should be make in confidence with all of the details world discussed so that action can be taken if they feel this is necessary. If your superior is not ab le to crash the grievance, then it exit be referred either verbally or in writing to the habitation owner. If you feel uncomfortable going through any of the stages wholly you have the right to have another person with you at any stage of the procedure. Explain the agreed styles of working with your employer in relation to the pursual areas. Data protection No data or personal information is to be passed on or given out to anyone without the client or the clients adjacent of kin consent. No Data should leave the building unless consent is given by the manager Grievance- If anybody has a grievance they must first discuss this with the home manager so that it can be dealt with. Conflict management- If you feel there is unnecessary scrap between employees you should go to your manager to discuss this. You should find the reasons for the conflict and if it is possible to eliminate the conflict Anti- discriminatory practice You can work with your employer regarding anti discrim ination practice by going to them if you feel you are being discriminated against by other colleagues. You should be able to talk toyour manger about this so that she can investigate further and try to resolve the problem. Health and sanctuary Employees work with their manager regarding health and safety by completing health and safety training put forward by the manger. Confidentiality It is important that all of the residents personal information is kept confidential and not passed on to anybody. This is unless prior consent has been given by the manager if the resident health or safety is in danger if information is kept confidential. Whistleblowing You work with your employer in regard to whistleblowing by informing your manager of any wrongdoing that you feel is going on in the home. The manager can then investigate the case further to decide if and what action needs to be taken. Explain how your role contributes to the overall delivery of the gain provided. As a care assi stant I feel that my role in the serve well provided is very important to keep the residents happy and healthy. One way of life in which this is done is through personal hygiene. By assisting resident to get washed and to say clean this is helping to prevent them from getting sores and infections. Another way I contribute to the overall delivery is by making sure the residents nutritional needs are being met. This is done through assisting people to eat and drink who cannot do this for themselves. Explain how you could influence the quality of the service provided by Following the best practice within your role- Following the best practices means that everything will be done safely and so the residents will not be put in any danger. Following the best pracises will mean that everything will be done efficiently and so this will make the residents happier and this will make the quality of the service better for them. non carrying out the requirements of your role Not carrying out the requirements of your role can put the residents health and safety at risk. If the residents are at risk his will be lowering the quality of the service that is provided. Describe how your own work must be influenced by national factors such as codes of practice, national occupational standards, legislation and government initiatives Your own work must be influenced by these national factors because they give you guidance on the correct ways of doing things. They also set standards so you can stick to the standards or try to better the standards. Your work must also be influenced by them because they give you rules to follow and so you must stick to these rules within your work.Identify two different representative bodies which influence your area of work Care quality commissionDescribe the role of the two representative bodies you have identified CQC is the regimes independent regulator of health and adult social care services. They monitor services to ensure that they are mee ting the essential standards. If necessary they take action when standards are not being met.

Disaster in Franklin County Essay

The role of the major globe wellness personnel, including the public health nurse, is to provide the public with accurate information, and to assure the fraternity, as well as ensure the immediate safety and well-being of the members of the community, while being competent tender and accessible. The public health director was contacted by the consequent commander to attend the incident briefing due to immediate and yearn term public health impacts. The fire chief gave report concerning how many people were confirmed dead, what time it occurred and what county(s) were affected. He made the public aware if any hazardous materials had been released and where and whether the hazardous materials aggroup had been dispatched.He also notifies the community of areas of fill up, and any impassable roads and the roads that are closed, as well as any power outages, and possible long term problems that may occur from power loss such as water contamination, and food loss due to spoilage. T he fire chief also informs the public that the plan for search and rescue has been initiated. The public health provide had previously had National Incident Management System (NIMS) training. The deputy director ascertains up the incident command center and does the head count of available responders. The most ideal personnel were not totally available there were an appropriate number to set up section chiefs and command staff.The chain of command that was use in the simulation consisted of the Public Health Team which included the County Public Health Director, environmental Health Specialists, and Community Health Nurses, as well as Franklin county staff members, mental health, and social workers, which allowed the community health nurse to have resources available that were apply to deal with situations that were outside the nurses scope of practice included reporting to EOC well treatment hazardous waste removal. Actions taken by the community health nurse when she encountere d possible emergency situations during the door-to-door interviews was to Calm and triage families and offer reassurance and instruction on safety.The public health personnel had to deal with multiple problems two during the initial period and after the immediate danger had past. Actions taken by the community health nurse to help the people who were interviewed cope with the situations after the flooding were to advise them to stay at shelter where there is electricity and food to contact Environmental health specialists for toxic waste To contact Social operate to address immediate needs and resources.To arrange for instruction on safe use of generators in English and Spanish. To make arrangement for medications to be delivered the next day. Techniques that were used or could have been used to calm the fears of the people interviewed are to use short and concise statements. Perform active listening and confirm statements by restate it back to the person being spoken with, use c onfrontation avoidance, and De-escalation. The other nursing personnel could be prepared to help in responding to a quasi(prenominal) emergency with a much larger affected area (e.g., the effect of Hurricane Katrina). Through the development of a well-organized disaster response plan.Public health staff requires National Incident Management System (NIMS) training. Emergency preparedness training should be performed at least every six months. There needs to be a method of communication in case power lines, towers and electricity are not available have a backup system in place and know where they are located (e.g. include, walkie talkies, Morse code and emailing). Community nurses should have car stock that includes protective gear (PPE) such as N-95 mask, barriers for CPR, gloves, biological agent containers and isolation gowns. Knowledge of the basic steps that are needed to take to ensure patient safety, such as safe evacuation, and early notification forget help prevent unnecess ary casualties during emergencies (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. www.ahrq.gov/prep. Accessed July 21, 2006.ReferencesCenters for Public Health Education and Outreach. (n.d.). Retrieved from https//cpheo1.sph.umn.edu/fcs/index.asp Health Care Public Health Emergency Preparedness. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.ahrq.gov/prep

Commercialization of Agriculture Essay

intromissionThe British rule had pro noced and profound stinting impact on India. The various economic policies followed by the British lead to the rapid transformation of Indias economy into a colonial economy whose spirit and structure were determined by needs of the British economy. One important aspect of British economic policy was commercialization of culture. commercialization of floriculture which can be defined as a outgrowth where churls start producing primarily for sale in distant markets, rather than to meet their get under ones skin need for sustenance or to merchandise in local markets, (Roy, 2007) has taken adjust at different times in response to different stimuli.In the Indian context though a number of commercial crops such as cotton, tobacco and sugarcane were grown fairly extensively even before the advent of British rule (Habib, 1982), since prop up taxation had to be paid mostly in cash and the prices of these crops were much high at that tim e relative to the prices of dietgrains, however, commercialization of agriculture at that time corresponded only to the requirements of traditional receipts economy in which the main form of revenue payable happened to be an indistinguishable mix of tax, indemnity and rent (Raj, 1985).No doubt the need to pay revenue in cash was the initial stimulate force for the marketing of agricultural produce, the large surpluses so extracted from agriculture, without a flow of goods and services in the transposition direction in exchange, was basic wholey an impediment to further commercialization (Raj, 1985). Thus, commercialization of agriculture in pre-British outlet existed only in its embryonic form. In true sense, therefore, agriculture of India got a commercial orientation during the British rule.Industrialization in Europe and Commercialization of factory farm in IndiaThe commercialization of Indian Agriculture took place non to feed the industries of India because India was far behind in industrial development as compared to Britain, France, Belgium and many former(a) European countries of eighteenth century. The commercialization of Indian Agriculture was done primarily to feed the British industries that it was taken up and achieved only in cases-of those agricultural products which were either needed by theBritish industries or could let cash commercial gain to the British in the European or American market. For example, several efforts were do to growth the occupation of cotton in India to provide raw and good quality cotton to the cotton-textile industries of Britain which were ripening fast after the Industrial Revolution in Britain. therefore, cotton growing area increase in India and its production increased manifold with gradual lapse of time. Indigo and more than that, tea and coffee orchard were encouraged in India because these could get commercial market abroad. It was beneficial to the British planters, traders and manu concomitantu rers, who were provided with opportunity to make Brobdingnagian profits by getting the commercialized agricultural products at, throw away prices. The commercialization of Indian agriculture also partly benefited Indian traders and bullion lenders who made huge fortunes by working as middlemen for the British. This attentiveness they acted as conduits delivering the products from peasants to the British company from where it was taken abroad.Though markets and trade in agricultural goods existed in quite an organized forms and on a large scale in the pre-British period but the market enlargement in the British period marked a qualitative and quantitative break. According to Tirthankar Roy, there were troika main qualitative changes.First, before the British rule, product markets were constrained and subject to imperfections, given multiplicity of weights and measures, transposed and risky transportation systems, and extensive use of barter. British rule and the railways weak ened these constraints. By doing so, it enab guide closer desegregation of planetary, regional and local markets. Second, from the time of industrial revolution, a new internationalist specialization began to emerge as a matter of trade. India specialized, in agricultural exports. Third, in turn, changes in the product market induced changes in defeat, labor, and credit markets (Roy, 2007). The American Civil War also indirectly encouraged commercialization of agriculture in India the British cotton lead was diverted to India. The demand of cotton was maintained even after the complaisant war ceased because of the rise of cotton textile industries in India.The commercialization of India agriculture was initiated in India by the British by dint of their direct and indirect policies and activities. Firstly, the new tear tenure system introduced in form of constant declaration and Ryotwari Settlement had made agricultural arrive a freely exchangeable commodity. The Permanen t settlement by giving forget power right to the zamindars created a class of wealthy landlords they could make use of this ownership right by sale or purchase of land. Secondly, the agriculture which had been way of life rather than a business enterprise now began to be practiced for sale in national and international market.Thirdly, the semipolitical unity established by the British and the resulted in rise of the unified national market. Fourthly, the spread of bills economy replaced the barter and agricultural goods became market items and the replacement of custom and tradition by competition and contract. Finally, the British policy of one way free trade also acted as sufficient encouraging divisor for commercialization as the manufactured items in textile, jute etc. could find free entry in Indian markets, where as the manufactured goods did not have similar free access to European markets.Impact of Commercialization on Indian AgricultureIt is interesting to note that th ough there is little controversy with ensure to the role of British in initiating and promoting the forces which led to the commercialization of Indian agriculture, however, the nature of commercialization and its impact on the Indian peasantry had been very controversial issue, both during and after the British rule. To the nationalists, it was not out of the free will of the cultivators commercialization of agriculture was coerce and artificial (Dutt, 1906). This was so because the high pitch of revenue demand in cash compelled the cultivators to trade in large portion of the produce of their fields keeping an insufficient stock for their own consumption. On the otherwise hand the colonial bureaucracy argued that it was the market force rather than the squelch of land revenue that was drawing the farmers into the business of production for the market. The commercial crops were more profitable and this economic incentive led them to produce for sale and export, thus making it possible for them to increase per capita income.Furthermore, the imperialist historiography and the colonial bureaucracy viewed commercialization ofagriculture, the expansion of trade in agricultural products and the rising agricultural prices as an indication of the growing successfulness of the peasantry. (Satyanarayana, 2005). On the other hand anti-imperialist historiography (both nationalist and radical Marxist) emphasizing the negative impact of commercialization of agriculture and the integration implied that agricultural production in India was to be determined by imperial preferences and needs (Bhatia, 1967). Moreover, other historians following the neo-classical economic theory or with anti-imperialistic orientations (Marxists and non Marxists) have extended their make to either of the two.The commercialization of agriculture was a forced and artificial process for the majority of Indian peasants. It was introduced under coercion of the British and not out of the incenti ve of peasantry at large. The peasantry went for cultivation of commercial crops under duress. Most importantly the life of the Indian peasant was tied to the highly fluctuating national and international market. He was no longer a deciding factor in agricultural practices. Further, by making agricultural land a tradable commodity, the peasant lost his security feeling. High land revenue demand forced him to take loan from the money lender at high interest rates. Failure to pay debt in time meant loss of land to the money lender at high interest rates. It led to land alienation and increase in the number of agricultural laborers whose conditions especially in plantation industry was pathetic.He had to pay the land revenue due to the British government in time. Moreover, he had to grow commercial crop on a specified tract of his land under the oppression of planters. Also, Indian money lenders advanced Cash advances to the farmers to knead the commercial crops and if the peasants fa iled to pay him back in time, the land of peasants came under ownership of moneylenders. The poor peasant was forced to sell his produce just after harvest at whatever prices he could get. This placed him at the money of the grain merchant, who was in a position to dictate terms and who purchased his produced at much little(prenominal) than the market price.It also resulted in reduced area under cultivation of food crops. The net result of this change was that Indian failed to produce even that much foodcrops which could provide even two fledge meals a day to its population. The misery was further enhanced became the population of India was increasing every year, fragmentation of land was taking place because of the increasing pressure on land and modern techniques of agricultural production were not introduced in India. While the upper class and British industries benefited-from it, the Indian peasants life was tiedto remote international market. It affected adversely the poor pe ople of India it became difficult for them to get even sufficient food. This becomes ample from the fact that ill 1880 India had a surplus of foodstuffs to the extent of five million tons and by 1945 it had a dearth of 10 million tons. George Byn records that from 1893-94 to 1945-46, the production of commercial crops increased by 85 percentage and that of food crops venomous by 7 percent. This had a devastating effect on the country economy and often took the configuration of famines.Bhatia believes that the earlier famines were localized, and it was only after 1860, during the British rule, that famine came to signify general shortage of foodgrains in the country. There were approximately 25 major famines spread through states such as Tamil Nadu in the south, and Bihar and Bengal in the east during the latter half of the 19th century. wide natural depression and Indian AgricultureA global economic depression broke out in 1929. However, the causes were more diverse and multi- pronged, with the decrease in cost and economic deflation of the post-war period organism one of the main reasons. This deflation was caused by excessive manufacturing activities during the First World War. As a result, huge stocks of goods were piled up without creation used. Wartime expenditure had reduced the countries of Europe to a state of atrocious debt (Manikumra, 2003). With the outbreak of the Second World War, India was required to provide the resources for financing the war expenditures, which amounted to n primordial 38 gazillion rupees from 194146.Government attached excessive importance in maintaining war related production, as a result of which a comprehensive system of supplying food to the urban areas at controlled prices was put in place. The pastoral poor were not viewed as being essential to the war effort and so the main force of war financing waspassed on to them.With the Great Depression, agricultural prices worldwide started falling earlier than industr ial prices. As a result, the manufacturing-agriculture terms of trade turned sharply against agriculture. A substantial redistribution took place from the mass of rural producers to urban classes. Thus the combination of the long term trend of decline in per head production of foodgrains, a rise in per head production of exportable and the effects of deteriorating terms of trade created a set of pre-famine conditions in the sense that any substantial shock to the economic system under these heap was almost certain to precipitate famine in the absence of countervailing intervention. Taxes were jacked up and deficit financing by printing money was resorted to and money supply is estimated to have raised five folds in the four eld from 1940.As a result there was a war boom and profit inflation. Rice price started an up spiral from the last quarter of 1941, doubled within a year and quadrupled within eighteen months.Also, the colonial government from the beginning strongly pushed exp ortable production by forcible cultivation of poppy in the early 19th century and export of opium to China, culminating in the infamous opium wars and indigo mutiny. With time overt force became less necessary as the pressure of revenue demand transmitted down to the peasant cultivators as the pressure of rental demand and in the case of landlords paying the revenue compelled peasants to grow more commercial crops to sell and to commercialize food production itself.Famine Indian Agriculture strained by commercialization and Great DepressionThe fall in prices had been higher in India compared to the rest of the world, the price of commodities manufactured in India flush dramatically compared to imports from the UnitedKingdom or somewhat other country in the world. The Great Depression had a terrible impact on the Indian farmer. While there was a steady, uninhibited increase in land rent, the value of the agricultural produce had come downto alarming levels. Therefore, having incurr ed heavy losses, the farmer was compelled to sell off gold and silver ornaments in his possession in order to pay the land rent and other taxes. Farmers who were cultivating food crops had earlier moved over to cash crop cultivation in large numbers to meet the demands of the mills in the United Kingdom. Now, they were crippled as they were unable to sell their products in India due to the high prices nor could they export the commodities to the United Kingdom which had recently adopted a antifertility policy prohibiting imports from India.An ex ante excess of investment over savings was converted to equality through forced savings extracted via food price inflation from the rural population. The consumption of food was then estimated at one and a half pound per individual and in 1945 it was 1 pound. Nearly thirty percent of the Indian population was estimated to be suffering from chronic malnutrition and under nutrition. Thus, the commercialization of agriculture in India by the B ritish was also one of the important causes of the impoverishment of the Indian people. This resulted in a combination of famines and epidemics claiming close to 2.7 to 3.1 million lives.The most cited example is that of Bengal Famines. Romesh Chunder Dutt argued as early as 1900, and present-day scholars such as Amartya Sen agree, that some historic famines were a product of both uneven rainfall and British economic and administrative policies, which since 1857 had led to the seizure and conversion of local farmland to foreign-owned plantations, restrictions on internal trade, heavy taxation of Indian citizens to support British. The Great Famine of 187678, in which 6.1 million to 10.3 million people died and the Indian famine of 18991900, in which 1.25 to 10 million people died were the most destructive famines.The Bengal Famine resulted in approximately 3 milliondeaths. generally the estimates are mingled with 1.5 and 4 million, considering death due to starvation, malnutritio n and disease, out of Bengals 60.3 million populations. Half of the victims would have died from disease after food became available in December 1943. Generally it is thought that there was skilful decrease in food production during that time which is coupled with continuing export of grain.However tally to Amartya Sen, there was no significant decrease in food production in 1943 (in fact food productionwas higher compared to 1941). The highest mortality was not in previously very poor groups, but among artisans and smallish traders whose income vanished when people spent all they had on food and did not employ cobblers, carpenters, etc. The famine also caused major economic and social disruption, ruining millions of families.ConclusionSince colonial times, opinions would seem to have been divided between optimists, for whom commercialization marked progress and a growing prosperity for all pessimists, for whom it marked regress into increase class stratification and mass pauper ization and skeptics who held that it made very little difference and that its impact was by and large absorbed by pre-existing structures of wealth accumulation and power on the land. However, capitalization in the 21 st century is said to create similar impact as colonial times, the only difference being that the later one was forced through oppressive policies, whereas the former would be market driven.The farmer in his choice of crops attached greater importance to market demand and price than o other factors. capitalism has mixed impacts on Indian agriculture. While it brings about liberalization and globalization that leads to trans-border availability of agricultural products all over the world, it breaks the economic self-sufficiency in India leading to greater dependency onmarket forces. exportation of food products is one of the major reasons for inflation in India, it reduces the availability of agricultural products in India, increasing the demand and thus escalating th e prices.Trade and liberalization has also made Indian agriculture vulnerable to global crisis. However, it provides for a national economy and also brought about regional specialization of crops on an efficient basis. Hence, it is essential to learn from the lessons in the past and formulate policies to mitigate the negative impacts on Indian agriculture while being globally connected and liberalized.ReferencesAtchi Reddy, M., The Commercialization of Agriculture in Nellore DistrictEffects on Wages, Employment and Tenancy. in Essays on the Commercialization of Indian Agriculture, editors et. al. K.N.Raj, 163-83. Delhi Oxford University Press, 1985. Avineri, Shlomo editor. Karl Marx on compoundism and Modernization. Garden City 1969. Barber, William. British Economic Thought and India 1600-1858 A Study in the History of Development Economics. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1975. Bardhan, Pranab K. Land, Labor, and Rural Poverty Essays in Development Economics. Delhi Oxford Univer sity Press, 1984.Bhatia, B.M. Famines in India, 1860-1965. forward-looking York (1967)Beaud, Michel. A History of Capitalism, 1500-1980. new-sprung(prenominal) York Monthly Review Press, 1983. Bernanke, B.S. Essays on the Great Depression. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2000 Bharadwaj, Krishna. A View on commercialization in Indian Agriculture and the Development of Capitalism. The Journal of child Studies 12, no. 4 (1985) 7-25. Chaudhuri, Binay Bhushan. The extremity of Agricultural commercialization in Eastern India During British RuleA Reconsideration of the Nations of Forced Commercialisation and Dependent Peasantry. In Meanings in Agriculture Essays in second Asian History and Economics, Editor prick Robb, 71-91. bran-new Delhi Oxford University Press, 1996. Dutt, R. C. Economic History of India in the Victorian Age, 1837-1901. London (1906).Greenough, Paul R. Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal The Famine of 1943-1944. New York Oxford University Press, 1982.H abib, Irfan (ed.), The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol. 1, c.1200-c.1757 New Delhi Orient Longman (1982).Ludden, David. Agrarian Commercialism in Eighteenth Century South India Evidence From the 1823 Tirunelveli Census. Indian Economic and Social History Review 25, no. 4 (1988) 493-520.. The Terms of Ryotwari Praxis Changing Property Relations Among Mirasidars in the Tinnevelly District. In Studies in South India An Anthology of Recent Research and Critical Scholarship, Editor Pauline Kolenda, pp.151-70. Madras New Era Publications and the American Institute of Indian Studies, 1985.Ludden, David (editor). Agricultural Production and Indian History. Delhi Oxford University Press, 1994.Manikumar, K. A. A Colonial Economy in the Great Depression, Madras (19291937). Orient Blackswan. (2003). ISBN 978-81-250-2456-9.Mishra, Satish Chandra. Commercialisation, Peasant Differentiation and Merchant Capital in novel Nineteenth Century Bombay and Punjab. Journal of Peasant Studies 10, no. 1 (1982).Mokyr, Joel editor. The British Industrial Revolution An Economic Perspective. Boulder Westview Press, 1993.Naoroji,Dadabhai. PovertyandBritishRuleinIndia.1901.http//www.historydiscussion.net/british-india/expansion-and-commercialization-ofagriculture-during-the-british-rule-in-india/640 (accessed on September 4th, 2014) Raj, K.N. Neeladari Bhattacharya, Sumit Guha, and Shakti Padhi (ed.), Essays on Commercialization of Agriculture in India. Delhi Oxford University Press, (1985), p. viii.Rajasekhar, D. Commercialization of Agriculture and Changes in distribution of Land Ownership in Kurnool District of Andhra 9C.1900-1950). The South Indian Economy Agrarian Change, Industrial Structure, and terra firma Policy, C1914-1947, 78-119. Delhi Oxford University Press, 1991.Ray, Rajat Kanta. The Bazaar Changing Structural Characteristics in the Indigenous Section of the Indian Economy Before and afterwards the Great Depression. The Indian Economic and Social History Review 2 5, no. (3) (1988) pp. 263-318.Robb, Peter. Peasant Choices? Indian Agriculture and the Limits ofCommercialization in Nineteenth-Century Bihar. The Economic History Review XLV, no. 1 (1992). Roy, Tirthankar. The Economic History of India, 1857-1947. New Delhi Oxford University Press, second edition (2007), p. 124.Satyananarayana A., Expansion of Commodity Production and Agrarian Market. New Delhi Oxford University Press, second edition (2005), p. 182.Satyasai, K. J. S., and K. U. Viswanathan. Commercialisation and Diversification of Indian Agriculture. Economic and Political Weekly 31, no. 45-46 (1996) 3027-28. Sen, Amartya K. Poverty and Famines An Essay in Entitlement and Deprivation. New York Oxford University Press, 1981.Shiva, Vandana. Ecology and the Politics of Survival Conflicts Over Natural Resources in India. Newbury Park, CA Sage Publications, 1991.Tilly, Louise A. Food Entitlement, Famine, and Conflict. In Hunger and History The Impact of Changing Food Productionand Consu mption Patterns on Society, Editors Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb, 135-52. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1983. Wakimura, Kohei. The Indian Economy and Disasters during the Late Nineteenth Century ProblemsofInterpretationofColonialEconomy.http//srch.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/rp/publications/no10/10-06_Wakimura.pdf (accessed on September 6th, 2014)Washbrook, David. The Commercialization of Agriculture in Colonial India Production, Subsistence and Reproduction in the Dry South, C. 1870-1930. Modern Asian Studies 28, no. 1 (1994) 129-64.

Michelle Bachelet

Michelle Bachelet (Veronica Michelle Bachelet Jeria) is a current Executive chairperson of the Republic of long pepper, a Pacific coastal country in Southern America. Bachelet was nominated in 2004 as a left-centrist candidate for g all overning body and won the election outpouring in January 2006 gaining 53.5% of the votes and becoming the first fe young-begetting(prenominal) chairman of the country. Moreover, she is the first Chilean female governmental personality of high importance who established her political career and managed to advance in politics using no help and connections of her husband or male protectionist.Bachelet was born on September 29, 1951, in Santiago, to a family of Chilean Air Force Brigade usual Alberto Bachelet. Her childhood was one of constant traveling from one military camp to another, and her first interests included volleyball, airfield and music. After finishing high school in 1970, she entered a medical college of the University of Chile wi th one of the stovepipe national enrollment test result. From he own words, she decided to dedicate her life to medicine because it was a concrete way of helping people cope with pain.. and ..a way to contribute to improve health in Chile (The Andean World, n.d.).In 1973, when Augusto Pinochet seized the reins of power, Alberto Bachelet was arrested and charged for treason. After several months of torture he died of a stroke. This tragedy was followed by arrest and deportation of Michelle and her mother, so they spent several geezerhood in Australia and East Germany, where Bachelet continued her precept and worked in a communal clinic. In 1979 the Bachelets received permission to be back to Chile, where three years later Michelle received an M.D. and continued her social activities as a member of Chilean Socialist Party, promoting the ideals of commonwealth and social equality.Her political career started in the mid-1990s when she entered the ballot for the Head of Las Condes Adm inistration. In 2000 Bachelet was appointed Minister of wellness as a person with high competence in military medicine and a practiced experience of work in such organizations as the National AIDS Commission and the National wellness Service. Her liberal reforms did not receive a lot of support from the Ministry officials. That is why Bachelet attempted a leniency which was, however, rejected by the President. Soon, she became a Minister of Defense, the only female in the continent to hold this administrative position.Her presidential campaign started in October 2004 and she had to face a former Senator and member of Chilean center-right party Sebastian Pinera as the main rival. In the first round Bachelet could not obtain the majority of the votes, receiving only 46%. Nevertheless, the runoff against Pinera proved to be more successful, and in March 2006 Michelle Bachelet entered the office as the first female President of Chile, bringing along many new politicians (including a l ot of women) as the members of her Cabinet.The first year of her presidency was marked by a number of determined political steps, liberal democratic reformations and scandalous dismissals of almost of her Ministers. In particular, she had to fight with very deep-rooted corruption which was spread throughout the countrys arrangement system. Besides, Bachelets recent decree allowing selling morning after pill over the counter to the girls over 14 evoked a wave of national criticism and disagreement. Currently, she is facing another problem the extremity to improve Chilean transportation system according to the project called Transantiago.Nevertheless, she tries to keep her popularity high by organizing and dynamic in numerous governmental health care programs. In addition, Bachelet is a very active actor in foreign politics and her major accomplishments are a number of treaties with developed Asian countries, establishing the Trans-Pacific strategical Economic Partnership. Her ma in personal values are duty and responsibility. Last year Forbes ranked Michelle Bachelet as the 17th of the worlds 100 most successful women, and her reaction on this recognition of her efforts was the sideline This is not a ranking that motivates me. What motivates me is working for a better Chile, (Chile General Government Secretariat, 2006).ReferencesMichelle Bachelet Jeria. (2006, March 17). Chile General Government Secretariat. Retrieved February 7, 2008 Unofficial Biography of Michelle Bachelet. (n.d.). The Andean World. Retrieved February 7, 2008, from .

Development of a PSYOPS Plan

mankind beings argon social beings and ar involved in a lot of activities to either sustain them or perform them for their own interests and image. Some of these activities contract a lot preparation for them to be accomplished without a hitch. Preparation of future activities may involve equipment, psychological and all other resources that may be racy in the successful accomplishment of the innovationned activities. The most important is the mind set of each and all person who is present in the activity which is usually called the psychological operations plan (PYSOPS).This plan has been wide utilized by the armed forces and religious groups to influence a group of peoples substance of reasoning or their emotions. This plan is also utilized by intelligence groups and the main objective of the plan is to induce immediate response to the target group. This may also involve conveying information that has psychological effect to the community. The main objective of this plan is to create conditions for the well being of the human body by reducing stress and hardening or teaching people on how to cope with certain situations.Community muckle in development of PYSOPS planFor the purpose of reducing in security measure in a society there is need to establish community based organizations or programs with the aim of protecting the individuals within that society. As a result, super specialized security personnel protect the society from crimes by obtaining information on the possible illegal activities in the future there by enhancing security in the society. personal security personnel are the ones with the responsibility of collecting all the necessary information to protect the community from future criminal activities.Private security is increasingly becoming popular in many societies because it has enhanced reduction in criminal activities. Private policing is advantageous over public policing in that the former is not influenced by constitution prin ciples therefrom independent. thither are limitations to the PYSOPS plan which has limited the delivery of the PYSOPS mission and objectives for instance there is a limitation of the bills required to realise information to a large mass of people.This is because the PYSOPS plan projects are greatly underfunded thus uneffective to afford the funds needed for advertisements thus unable to reach many people. Lack of decent funds destines that the PYSOPS is unable to provide the relevant information and there fore the organization is unable to protect the community from future criminal activities since the private security will not have becoming personnel to cope up with the crime rates.PYSOPS is lack modern equipments and therefore will be unable to meet the objectives that ought to be accomplished. This is because of the fact that there is under funding of psychological operation plan. There are also cases of equipment failures because the PYSOPS personnel is not adequately t rain on the equipments that they should utilize and therefore unable to employ these equipments effectively.This factor is attributed by the fact that the personnel to be recruited to PYSOPS barely cover half of the course they are supposed to cover and therefore nave in the way they should operate. The plan is therefore unable to pass the influential information to the target groups. PYSOPS management is under the weather planned as the executives are less adept and therefore translates to their inability to strategically plan on how to meet the demands of the community and the nation at large.Planning is a vital aspect in all organizations and there fore poor planning will mean that even the laid down missions are poorly planned and there is no way poorly planned projects will prosper or be accomplished.ConclusionP YSOPS is a plan that requires a lot of attention from the government and should be funded accordingly with the necessary equipments. The personnel working in these plans should be adequately trained to ensure that they come up with viable planning strategies to ensure that the demands of the community are accomplished effectively.

Explain “Transfer Pricing” as presented in Stealing Africa

Explain Transfer Pricing as maped in Stealing Africa.Transportation PricingWhen there is any kind of trade or merchandising or buying that occurs between two companies that be lawfully related someway so the mo netary value of the intelligents or the merchandises that be traded between those two companies is what we c whole reassign determine. Transfer pricing is canonically the cash saved by the company by hedging receipts enhancement through selling the goods or purchasing the goods from its ain subordinate and so showing it as an disbursal in its balance sheets.GLENCORE owns the shot Millss in Zambia and the coal that is obtained from the state is one of the biggest export confidential informations of the state and a batch of their fiscal macrocosm assistance depend upon this natural resourcefulness. What GLENCORE does is that it extracts coal from Zambia through MOPANI mines that it owns in the state and so buys the coal at a monetary value that they set for themsel ves. This manner they evade gainful a higher gross enhancement rate by demoing a lower income or net income that is generated by the company runing in Zambia.Legally it is of deduction for companies to bear down a monetary value for a merchandise that they conclude to sell and purchase from its subordinate or to its subordinate at a monetary value that would switch been chosen if the company was covering or trading with a company that was non a portion of its entity that is what we unremarkably call an arms length trader. Unless and until GLENCORE buys the coal that it extracts from Zambia at a monetary value that it would hold fast to pay in instance it was purchasing from an independent party. Since the company is non making this, the state and the people of Zambia are enduring through immense losingss in national income as companies like GLENCORE usage transportation pricing to hedge the r purgeue enhancements that they should unfeignedly be paying. Taking advantage of the inefficient licit scheme present in Zambia, the company is carry oning concern in a non-ethical mode.Harmonizing to Stealing Africa and Amos Wilson, uninfecteds are dominant globally because they are still populating on the accrued advantages gained from gaberdine privilege historically and in the present. Explain including illustrations.White privilege fundamentally means that a individual gets treated otherwise merely because of his race. When a white individual is given penchant over other people belonging to divers(prenominal) races, he is fundamentally sing white privilege.Even though things dedicate been a small better for people from different races late but its still non anything near perfect. Black people are discriminated badly all near the mankind but particularly in the western states. The jurisprudence, the province and other establishments are ever dark-skinned towards the westerner and the fact that it has been a superior race in the past and is still ruling the universe scenario, it is hard to raise a voice against it and make something to wholly do it halt.In the docudrama, they talked ab push through Marc moneyed who had been involved in the biggest fiscal fraud and r as yetue enhancement fraud in the history of the coupled States of America but he was still pardoned because of his presence non merely socially every bit good as economically. He had the best of the best attorneies supporting him and constructing up a instance to turn out him guiltless even though there was adequate grounds to convict him and direct him to gaol.GLENCOREs trading operations in Zambia are earnestly damaging the countrys environment and public wellness conditions and withal rip offing the countrys fiscal establishments by non paying the right sum of revenue enhancements utilizing transportation pricing to take down their cost and take advantage of Zambias uneffective legal system utilizing their expert attorneies and comptrollers that gathers inform ations and physiques instances and present studies that can non be countered by the Zambians.Africa is a affluent true provided many Africans live in scantiness. Explain.Africa is so a abundant continent but the continent is non rich in footings of fiscal criterions and economic growing. The continent is highly affluent when it comes to holding natural resources that are an of import trade good out in the universe and that have attracted legion Multinationals in to the continent.Now even though many would state that the foreign direct investing inflow would assist the states in the continent flourish and recognize their true potency but that is non what is go oning. Majority of the African states are really a portion of the list that includes the poorest states and the little economic sizes.The major ground for this is that the legal system in these states is really inefficient as of now. There is high corruptness and really small focal point on the some of the really major issu es such as wellness and instruction. The political system in these states is besides really weak which makes the provinces really vulnerable to foreign mould and puts them at a put on the line of being exploited which is what is go oning. The multinationals that are runing in the states in Africa are taking advantage of the all the loopholes on the system and operating in an unethical manner which consequences in highly high net incomes for them but the states itself and the people populating there are severely affected.The negative effects on the people are non merely restricted to pollution and corruptness, there is small money available to better the substructure and no focal point on instruction as they lack even more major basic necessities like nutrient and wellness attention. The rate of unemployment is besides really high and the immense companies prefer paying below the globally recognized pay rates taking advantage of the fact that the people in these states are highly d espairing for a occupation.Harmonizing to Amos Wilson ( Blueprint for Black power ) , the wealth of people is non in their things but in their heads. Explain.If the wealth you had depended upon the things that you had so Africa wouldnt have been fighting with issues such as poorness and unemployment. Taking the illustration of Zambia as it was discussed rather briefly in the docudrama, the state is fighting with serious issues and even though it has copiousness of natural resources like coal, it still fails to better its conditions and is a direct to foreign development.The states that have leverage on other states are the 1s that can acquire what they want even if its illegal and so protect themselves from the effects. They do that by assailing at the loopholes in the system of these hapless or developing states and give their influence to acquire their manner.Even though Zambia has immense sums of coal with it but merely holding the resource with them is non making them any good and the state is enduring at the custodies of the multinationals that arent paying adequate revenue enhancement and destructing their environment and peoples wellness without any guilt. If these states had people that could be after a manner to utilize their strength in a manner that could assist them protect themselves against these multinationals and foreign influence so the province of the Zambia would hold been better than what it is now.The state lacks heads that could assist them counter the foreign menaces and influence and do people do concern on their footings since they are utilizing their resources, their land and their people. Merely because Zambia lacks a proper system and proper planning and heads that can happen a manner to leverage their place, they will maintain on enduring from legion issues even when it is highly affluent when it comes to natural resources like coal.

Growth in this article

I am going to analyses the problem of frugal harvest in this article. As we are all aware, in the public we live in, there is this huge question everyone is trying to answer Is economic harvest desirable and closely importantly- sustainable? There are roughly two sides on this subject. Green-leftists, who are non supporters of the economic growth and liberals who argue that prosperity leave behind occur when economic growth exists. I expect to go instruction back, in order to understand when economic growth started.Figure 1 According to the graph above, it started in the middle sass with the Industrial Revolution. It was a result of mass production, basically. Producing in mass amounts ca workd economic growth, this light-emitting diode to globalization, decrease of tariffs, international contend. As some people might argue, globalization is key for countries to hold a strong economy. Globalization performer that we can now solve our problems together and be heard by s omeone all across the world. Globalization has helped several illnesses, as Alex Tabor -a Professor of Economics- puts it, globalization saves lives.Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 As we can see from Figure 2, life forecast in 1800 was 40 in the UK where disturbance per capita was around 3500 dollars, and about 27 in Cape verve where GAP per capita was below 400 dollars. We can see from here that GAP per capita has a positive correlation with life expectancy, as years past, in 2012 as it is shown in Figure 3, same correlation applies. As Figure 4 clearly shows, child mortality has a negative correlation with GAP per capita. With economic growth, came better health flush, wealth, applied science, novelty, but that is Just one side of the story.Economic growth also brought environmental problems. degree Celsius emissions, pollution, global warming These are all world wide issues we have to deal with if we keep this track. starting line of all economics is the science of scarcity, a s we can roughly disclose it. So we have just resources, how do we keep evolution? Most importantly, can we sustain this growth? Figure 5 (23. 12. 2013) As Figure 5 shows, we have limited resources, which we are running out of very quickly. This indicates that economic growth is not sustainable.Alex Tabor disagrees, he cl roles that incentives are key to ideas, and scarcity leave be an incentive or everyone to invest in new energy systems. He believes that humaneity has overcome many disasters and with the help of technology we can lower century emissions -even invent a machine that can absorber hundred from the atmosphere- and keep growing economically. Figure 6 Figure 6 indicates that there is a positive correlation between carbon emissions and GAP per capita. Here, I would like to refer to Tim capital of Mississippi who is a professor at University of Surrey. L want you to imagine a world, in 2050, of around nine billion people all aspiring to western sandwich incomes, Weste rn lifestyles. And I want to ask the question How far and how fast would we have to move? The carbon intensity of economic growth at the moment is around 770 grams. In the world I describe you we have to be at six grams of carbon. Its a 130-fold improvement and that is 10 times further and fast-breaking than anything weve achieved in industrial history. I went further on my research and found some data on something called an ecological footprint. It shows that we would look at 7. Worlds if everyone lived like the average Americana . This means, people who insist that economic growth will bring wealth and everyone will have western lifestyles, are mistaken. If everyone on Earth had Western lifestyles, non of us would survive. We have the developing countries to thank for that. Even if we had this blind faith in our cleverness as Tim Jackson puts it, economic growth did not only bring environmental issues. It has also brought dissimilitude in human society. Augusta Comet had simil ar concerns about this issue. He was afraid that inequality would cause dissolution in society.Druthers called it an anomie and he claimed that this anomie led to aimlessness and despair. (He concluded that aimlessness and despair caused an increase in suicides, in the modern society. The rich became richer and the poor became poorer as economies kept growing. The gap between the poor and the rich got wider, inequality caused exploitation, and this caused class struggles which we can describe as the keystone in human history according to Karl Marx. I want to show you some data on the wealth distribution in America, one of the wealthiest countries in the world.Figure 7 Figure 7 shows that the bottom 80% has the 5% of the financial wealth. This indicates a great inequality, it means our economies keep growing but the only people who are getting richer are already rich. Liberals, as I mentioned before, support economic growth which leads to a rise in the GAP per capita. They argue that GAP is the keystone to check, in a prosper society. This statement is true at some cases, but not always as it is shown in Figure 7. In a world where 1% of the population owns 40% of the planets wealth, it is crucial to talk about equality.Economics is considered as the science of scarcity as I already mentioned. We argue that we use this science to fulfill the infinite needs of human beings. Here is where I disagree I dont consider a human beings needs are infinite. Tim Jackson defines this as conspicuous institution. He says This is a story about us, people, being persuaded to spend money we dont have, on things we dont need, to create impressions that wont last, on people we dont care about. I believe with the resources of our planet we can create a more egalitarian and prosper society.Our aim must be to stop the exploitation/domination of the strong one over the weak ones. I want to go back to the environmental issues now. They can never be ignored because environment is what we need to survive, if we damage it somehow, there is no turning back. So I believe environment should be our graduation exercise priority. In a growing world, all states/ governments have to narrow down their economies, and start investing in utility(a) energy systems. I believe human beings are adaptable and they can always look out a way to survive.So Im not suggesting to shut down all economies and stop global trade etc. I am suggesting to slow down the growth, because if we keep up this track, the destruction of our planet will be inevitable. Then there are Moos Huge companies without nationalities. The only thing they care about is to view as profit according to economics. A rational company/individual maximizes its profits and minimizes its costs. This statement is, sadly, true in most cases. If we are these self maximizing individuals as Adam Smith defines us, I believe governments have to step up here and create an international committee.This committee should regulate these companies investments, expenditures etc. It should enforce laws in order to make sure that these companies show an effort to protect the environment and invest in alternative energy systems and not use nonrenewable energy sources. I have stated a some keystones that I believe are relevant to the subject. These keystones were environmental issues, equality in terms of wealth distribution, relapsing exploitation, investing in alternative resources and small regulations in the economy.

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Mr. 1. Introduction 1. 1. Approaching the burn The task of setting out (to use a neutral word) the goals of a human activity whitethorn be blasted in a variety of trends depending on conditions such as who is involved in the activity and who has the power to determine the goals. In the case of the goals of a scientific discipline, the question may, in principle, be approached by established scientific methods * Deductive approach The highest and most customary goal is taken as an axiom, more specific and lower-level goals atomic number 18 deduced from it.* Inductive approach By methods of the sociology of science, the goals actually pursued by scientists may be as originaled by sociological methods, it may be ascertained what goals a community thinks should be pursued by the sciences that it entertains. The deductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings * The postulation of the highest goal is itself exterior the scope of science. * Clean deduction is onl y possible in the logical disciplines. What is called deduction in (the endure of) philosophy, the humanities and neighborly sciences is really informal and heavily dependent on the interpretation of words.The inductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings * Just like other people, scientists occasionally pursue selfish or idiosyncratic goals, which a keenly inductive approach would not be able to separate out. * The extra-scientific members of a social community be they politicians or citizens have limited presuppositions of making a rational place to the discussion of the goals of a science, lacking both experience and experience of the record and possibilities of scientific work and presuppositions for appreciating the sacred side of objective knowledge (see below).On the basis of available evidence, it is safe to say that few of them screw distinguish surrounded by scientific insight and technological progress. Thus, if one wants at all a scienti fic approach to the problem of the goals of a discipline, one would have to combine as usual deductive and inductive methods, hoping that they impart compensate for from each one others shortcomings. It would certainly be reasonable to do this scientific work (from time to time). However, it has apparently not been done.I leave behind therefore abide by taking a common-sense approach to the problem, informed both by round epistemology of philology and by some experience with linguistic work. 1. 2. Fundamentals Like any human activity, linguistics has a place in a teleonomic hierarchy (see teleonomische Hierarchie) which is headed by its ultimate goals. Science is the pursuit of objective knowledge/ intelligence (Greek episteme, German Erkenntnis). The attainment of such knowledge is its ultimate goal. This goal is itself subordinate to the goal of human life, which is the improvement of the conditio humana.It is in the nature of human cognition as opposed to Gods cognition , that it butt joint be fully achieved only in communication. To say that the goal is objective knowledge is therefore almost tantamount(predicate) to saying that it is rational communication. This rephrasing also serves the purpose of avoiding a static conception of objective knowledge. In the more specific discussion below, the role of communication in the achievements of the goals of a science will come up again. Understanding has deuce sides, a apparitional and a practical one.* On the spiritual side, the human mind is enriched if it understands something and this in itself is a contribution to improving the conditio humana. * On the practical side, understanding something is a presupposition for controlling it. Controlling1 the world in which we live is another contribution to improving the conditio humana. Some sciences make a stronger contribution to the spiritual side, others make a stronger contribution to the practical side. This is the basis for the distinction between perfect(a) and applied science. Linguistics is the study of human lyric.Understanding this object has a purely spiritual aspect, which constitutes what world power be called pure linguistics and what is more commonly called general linguistics. It also has a practical aspect, which concerns the role of styles in human lives and societies and the possibilities of improving it. This epistemic interest constitutes applied linguistics. Given the divergence in the epistemic interest of pure and applied science, there can be no universal schema by which the goals and tasks of a science should be systematized.As discussed elsewhere (see Wissenschaft), there is a basic distinction between logical, empirical and hermeneutic approaches. Linguistics shares components of all of them. Here we will focus on the tasks of linguistics as an empirical discipline. For such a discipline, the main tasks are 1. elaboration of a theory of its object 2. certificate and definition of its object 3. elab oration of procedures for the solution of practical problems in the object line of business. In what follows, the main goals of linguistics will be characterized, at a general level, according to this schema.2. Theory the nature of human spoken language The spiritual aspect of the human understanding of some object is realized in the elaboration of a theory of that object. In this respect, the task of linguistics consists in the elaboration of a theory of human language and its relation to the languages. Its most important aspects include * the mental synthesis(s) and function(s) of human language and languages * the relationship between unity and novelty of human languages * linguistic change * acquisition of ones native languageIn characterizing the nature of human language, linguistic theory also delimits it against other kinds of semiosis, both synchronically in the comparison of spoken and pen languages with sign languages, whistling languages and, furthermore, with animal languages, and diachronically in the comparison with primate semiotic systems from which human language may have evolved. 3. Empiry musical accompaniment and description of languages As recalled above, linguistics is (among other things) an empirical science.In such a discipline, there is a necessary interrelation between the elaboration of a theory of the object and the description of the object one informs the other. Furthermore, since speech and even languages are volatile, they have to be documented. The tasks of linguistics in this subject area may be systematized as follows 1. language documentation recording, representation, digest and archiving of speech events and texts that represent a certain language 2. language description 1. the setting of the language * ethnographic * social/cultural * genealogical 2. the language system* semantic system grammar, lexicon * expression systems phonology, writing The documentation of a language mustiness be such that people who do not have access to the language itself can use the documentation as a surrogate for as many purposes as possible. In point, it should be possible to wear a description of a language on the basis of its documentation. The description makes explicit the meanings that the language expresses and the functions it fulfils what it codes and what it leaves uncoded , and represents the structure of the expressions that afford this.It does all of this in the most systematic and comprehensive way possible. Such a description may be used for a variety of purposes, most of which are mentioned below in the character on applied linguistics. Both documentation and description take the historical dimension of the object into account. That is, in the synchronic perspective, they are systematic, while in the diachronic perspective, they are historical. 4. Practice application of linguistics The routine use of language for communication and cognition is replete with all kinds of tasks and problems that require science for a kosher solution.Some of them are * compilation of grammars, dictionaries and text editions for various purposes * native and foreign language teaching * exam of linguistic proficiency * standardizing and planning languages * devising and improving writing systems * development and maintenance of special languages and terminologies * analysis and alleviation of communication problems in social settings * diagnosis and therapy of aphasic impairments * intercultural communication, translation and interpreting * communication applied science speech technology, automatic speech and text production and analysis, machine translation, corpus exploitation The descriptions produced in pure linguistics not only descriptive linguistics, but also socio-, psycho-, neuro-, ethno- etc. linguistics are work for the formulation of technical procedures by which tasks arising in the fields enumerated may be solved. And contrariwise, the demands arising from those pract ical fields are taken as challenges by theoretical and descriptive linguistics to produce theories and descriptions that respond to them. 5.methodological analysis epistemological reflection and working tools The nature of the goal of science objective knowledge requires the elaboration and testing of methods by which putative knowledge may be attained, verified/falsified and applied in the solution of practical or interdisciplinary problems. * The epistemological side of this activity is a stock-taking of the particular nature of the activity of the linguist, its goals, conditions and possibilities.There will be reflection on the logical, empirical and hermeneutic nature of the object of linguistics and the approaches appropriate to each facet. * The operational side of methodology is the elaboration of particular methods within such a methodological image of the discipline. Given the interplay of specific aspects of the linguistic object with specific problems and purposes, sp ecific sets of methods may be developed to green goddess adequately with such aspects of the object, to solve such problems and serve such purposes.This involves * in the deductive perspective, the operationalization of concepts and theorems and the elaboration of tests * in the inductive perspective, the elaboration of standards of representation of linguistic data and of tools for processing them. While a contribution from general epistemology may be expected for the epistemological side of linguistic methodology, its operational side is entirely the province of the particular discipline. Its status as a scientific discipline crucially depends on its fulfillment of this task. 6. Cooperation interdisciplinary fertilization.The articulation of science into disciplines is, first of all, a necessity of the division of labor. As observed above, a particular discipline is constituted by the combination of an object with an epistemic interest. The object is just a fragment of the over all object area susceptible of scientific insight, the epistemic interest depends on all kinds of factors, and the combinations of these two elements are consequently manifold. In other words, no discipline is autonomous and self-contained. The contribution that it makes to human understanding can only be assessed if it is compared and combined with other disciplines.The theories developed by a discipline must define their object in such a way that it becomes transparent where they leave off, i. e. where the interfaces for the combination of colligate theories are. And they must be formulated in such a way that non-specialists can understand them and connect them to the epistemic interest pursued by them. Thus, a linguistic theory has to make explicit what it purports to spawn and what not for instance, only the linguistic system, not its use and linguists should say what they think is required for taking administer of the rest.Moreover, the products of linguistic description and documentation must be represented in such a way that non-linguists may use them. For instance, there must be * grammars usable by foreign language course of study designers * semantic descriptions usable by ethnographers * models of linguistic competence testable by neurologists * formal grammatical descriptions usable by programmers. Finally, linguistics must be capable of and receptive in taking up insights and challenges from other disciplines.For instance, * phonologic concepts must be related to phonetic concepts * models of linguistic activity must be quickend by findings of psychology and neurology * models of linguistic competence must be able to account for the performance of plurilingual persons. interdisciplinary cooperation is the touchstone of the communicative capacity of a scientific community. A discipline that can neither inspire other disciplines nor be inspired by them gets isolated and unnecessary. 7. Conclusion Above, five areas of goals of linguistics ha ve been place 1.Theory the nature of human language 2. Empiry documentation and description of languages 3. Practice application of linguistics 4. Methodology epistemological reflection and working tools 5. Cooperation interdisciplinary fertilization These goals do not belong to the same level. finish 1, the elaboration of a theory of its object, is the highest goal of any science. As already mentioned, goal 1 is interdependent with goal 2, because a theory of an object area presupposes its proper description, and a proper description presupposes a theory on which it can be based.Furthermore, the production of documentations and descriptions is a service to the society. This is even more truthful of goal 3 The solution of daily-life tasks and problems is a practical contribution to the improvement of the conditio humana. It has to be done by someone, and if it is done by the discipline that has the relevant know-how, it is both better for the solution of the problem and better f or the social standing of the discipline. Finally, the demands emerging from extra-scientific practice may feed back into the content and form of descriptions.Goals 4 and 5 are more science-immanent. Neither the elaboration of a methodology nor interdisciplinary cooperation are anything that would be of shoot for relevance outside a scientific context. They are, however, preconditions for the attainment of goals 1 3. As said before, no safe theory can be developed, no adequate descriptions and documentations can be produced, and no practical problems can be solved, without an arsenal of pertinent methods and without a systematic interchange with disciplines that partly share the object area or the epistemic interest.

Internal Environment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internal Environment - Coursework ExampleThe society diversified from being limited to computers to offer crotchety products like iPhone, iPod etc. In addition, orchard apple tree has strong R&D that has enabled create a competitive edge over its competitors, due to constant innovation resulting from the ability of perceiving trends in behaviors, gathering points and development of utmost quality products (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2012).Further, Apples contemporary & unique design of its stores and excellent customer services from trained and knowledgeable workers is another capability that has enabled Apple maintain a strong presence in the industry. That notwithstanding, Apple has internal weakness such as management changes, high products prices resulting from uncontrolled innovation, which does not consider consumer budgets, repulsion of its OS with other OS etc. Therefore, to be able to maintain a strong survey globally, Apple needs to incorporate consumer ability in ter ms of prices of products lieu of only focusing on satisfaction, when it formulates it R&D policies, which are the key pillars of innovation at Apple because in the past the company has only focused on developing high quality products which are too expensive for consumers to consecrate resulting to inability of the company creating customer

Ford motor company Form 10-K review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ford motor telephoner Form 10-K review - Essay ExampleThe paper involves the requirements of the types of segments to be proclaimed on the annual monetary statements.This Statement needs that a humankind business enterprise to give a detailed report on the measure of the segment profit or loss, specific expense items and revenue, and the segment assets. The statement alike requires the reconciliations of the entire total segment assets, segment revenues, total segment profit or loss, and additional amounts let on for the segments to which correspond to the amounts in the entire companys financial statements. The statement in addition require that public companys give a descriptive report on the information concerning the revenues resulting from the companys products, services etc. , about countries where the enterprise do earn revenues and also possess assets, and the statement also require a list of major customers.

First World War Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

First World War Bachelor - Essay ExampleThe struggle was win by the wholeied Powers and the results of the defeat of the Central Powers resulted in their dismantling. Germany had a particular bad shape afterwards the war with the controversial Versailles treaty. It lost is overseas empire and new states such as Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Hungary and Yugoslavia were created in Europe.The war was fought on land, sea and fir the first cartridge clip in air. This war resulted in great desolation resulting in the deaths of more that nine million soldiers in the various battlefields, much more millions in the civilians who perished. As a result of the war peoples life changed dramatically as the optimism which came with the many changes in the early 1900s was on the whole lost. Those who had fought in the war became what is known as the Lost Generation as they never fully vulcanised from the effects of the war and their experiences in the war was unlike any thing any one had thus far experienced. The old age after the war saw Europe mourning with memorials being erected in thousands of villages and townsThough many call up that the place fill ins of the Second World War, contributed to the present world situation, it is the events which happened as a result of the First World War, which switch the real answer to many of the tension existing in todays political scenario. These events have been expertly analyze and set forth in the works of David Fromlin and Hew Francis Anthony Strachan . iii. David FromkinDavid Fromkin is well-know for his book A Peace to End All Peace (1989). In this book, he brings out the role played by European policy in the midst East between the years, 1914 ad 1922. This book traces the event which take to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. When this empire broke down, tremendous changes took place in the Middle East. Most people think that the border near the Middle eastern states of Iraq, Syria, Jordan were fo rever there, but according to David Fromkin this notion is wrong beca handling these states were created primarily out of the European policy (made by the joint hands of countries Britain, France, Russia, Greece, and in a way America. in 1922). He brings out the key events which were part of this policy in the book. This policy sought to find new expansions for the European powers of the time and to carve up the fallen Ottoman Empire after the First World War. They wanted to prove their influence in the Middle East as they had done with other countries with which they had fought and won over. Events in the Middle east at that time, led Britain to get into the ottoman empire, but they made a series of mistakes, which led them to endure an long-drawn out war in this region. A new government in the meantime had come into Britain and its decided that once they had got through the war in the Middle East, they would carve it up as they always did with spoils of a wars. At this point not only Britain but also European leader mat up that the Jewish community had the power to control events in several countries. They wanted an alliance with the Jews and wanted to use their influence to their advantage. The result of this saw Britain making overtures to Jewish Zionism by issuing the Balfour Declaration in